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Candidiasis

Other names

Moniliasis, Thrush.

Cause

Yeast-like fungus - Candida albicans.

Distribution

Worldwide

Transmission

  • Sexual.
  • Non-sexual - Overgrowth of resident candida in women under the influence of predisposing factors such as birth control pills, antibiotics,  pregnancy, diabetes, heat and humidity, obesity and lowered  resistance.

Incubation

Undetermined.

Symptoms

In females,
- Vaginal itch and soreness.
- Vaginal discharge.

In males,
- Balanitis (inflammation of the head of the penis and foreskin).
- Itching of the penis.
- Urethral discharge.

Diagnosis

  • Microscopic examination of secretions.
  • Culture.

Treatment

Antifungal medicines applied or inserted into the vagina. Resistant cases may respond to antifungal medicines taken by mouth.

Complications

No long term effects

Comments

Recurrences are common in women, especially after menstruation (period). treatment after the period may help reduce this. Diabetics are prone to develop  recurrent vaginal candidiasis so diabetes should be excluded.